Full-stack Teams and Cars

All these teams are attempting to build the “full stack” of a robocar or other autonomous outdoor vehicle. They may also be building some hardware components, or in a few cases, plan to build or have custom manufactured the vehicle.

These teams probably plan to deploy a robotaxi service using their system, and possibly their car

• Waymo - The almost undisputed leader
• Cruise / GM - GM purchased startup and now has billions of investment from Honda, Softbank.
• Zoox - Well funded startup plans to build car, software and robotaxi service. Maverick founder Tim Kentley-Klay was pushed out.
• Uber - World's number one ride company has very active project, but it was set back tremendously by a Fatality
• Lyft - The USA's number two ride company is making strong efforts.
• Ford & Argo AI - Ford partnered with ex-Waymo engineer Bryan Saleskly to build a self-drive unit.
• Tesla - Carmaker with aggressive promises that their Autopilot will turn to full self-drive in 2020.
• Apple - Highly secret “Project Titan” employs many at the world's most valuable company.
• Didi (the Uber of China)

These teams are building a fairly full self-driving stack, but it will go in a partner's or customer's car.

• Aurora – $2B valuation startup with founders including Chris Urmson
• Baidu – Chinese top search engine, behind the Apollo stack
• Pony.ai
• Roadstar.ai
• Drive.ai – Software startup once valued at $200M, now reportedly acquired by Apple
• Phantom AI
• Apex.AI
• Momenta
• AIMotive - Hungarian firm with simulator and autopilot
• Renovo
• Imagry – Attempting mapless driving
• TORC - Darpa Challenge competitors
• Naver – Korean search engine
• Voyage – out of Udacity, aimed at retirement villages
• Oxbotica – from Oxford
• Blackberry QNX division – QNX Founder Dan Dodge has built a reference stack without neural networks.
• FiveAI
• ThorDrive – Korea / SV doing vans
• Helm.ai – Stealth SV company, raised $10M

See also Advanced autopilot driver assist systems.

These automakers have active, mostly full-stack projects. (See Robotaxi section for automakers planning that business.)

• Daimler
• BMW
• VW
• Audi
• Volvo
• Nissan
• Renault
• Hyundai
• Kia
• Honda
• Byton
• Nio
• Toyota
• Faraday Future
• Peugeot Citroen
• Tata
• Mahindra
• Subaru
• Changan
• Xiaopeng / XMotors.ai – Chinese electric carmaker
• FCA makes vehicles for Waymo and has a partnership with Aurora

See the Delivery section for last-mile delivery on sidewalks and roads.

These teams have a focus on long haul trucks and large vehicles

• TuSimple
• Kodiak
• Ike
• Starsky
• CarOne – stealth
• Embark
• Cyngn – from the bones of CyanogenMod Android fork
• Waymo
• Otto (defunct)
• Thor
• Pronto.ai
• WeRide/JingChi
• NullMax – Shanghai
• Aurora
• Gatik AI – SV based, out of CMU
• PlusAI
• Freightliner – a unit of Daimler.
• Locomation
• Peloton

Off-road

• Komatsu – mining trucks.

These companies are big suppliers and don't plan to build or operate vehicles, but are working on a system to sell to customers, or a reference implementation.

• Bosch
• Continental
• Magna
• ZF
• MobilEye
• Renesas
• Nvidia – promotes GPU chips for neural networks
• Delphi
• Valeo
• Mando – Korean supplier
• Qualcomm – processor chips and communication
• Ambarella – fabless chip company
• Aptiv (Nutonomy) - Formerly part of Delphi

These teams are making shuttles or low-speed vehicles, rather than private taxis or private cars

• Navya
• Local Motors
• May Mobility
• Easymile
• Ridecell
• SB Drive

Academic Teams